Introduction

In most patients, CLL is a long-term condition that progresses very slowly. Current treatments have the potential for keeping CLL well controlled, often for many years.

CLL prognosis is related to clinical and biological factors that include:

  • Chromosome abnormalities
  • Gene mutations
  • Immunophenotypic markers

The prognosis for CLL is mainly associated with the presence or absence of less‑favourable cytogenetic abnormalities. This is particularly the case for del(17p), TP53 mutation and no mutation in the IGHV These features are associated with poor responses to treatment.

  • del17p and TP53 are known as high-risk mutations because of their impact on patients’ response to treatment. They predict a poor prognosis, often with a weak response to treatment and low survival rate (Patel and Pagel 2021).
  • No mutation in the IGHV gene is also associated with a poor response.
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